Nicolellis range bars were developed in the mid 1990s by Vicente Nicolellis, a Brazilian trader and broker who spent over a decade running a trading desk in Sao Paulo .

The International Fisher Effect (IFE) is an exchange rate model designed by the economist Irving Fisher in the 1930s. It is based on present and future risk-free nominal interest rates rather than pure inflation , and is used to predict and understand present and future spot currency price movements.